Three essays on Bayesian econometrics

<table><tr> <td><p>My dissertation consists of three essays which contribute new theoretical results to Bayesian econometrics.</p> <br> <p>Chapter 2 proposes a new Bayesian test statistic to test a point null hypothesis based on a quadratic loss. The proposed test statistic may be regarded as the Bayesian version of the Lagrange multiplier test. Its asymptotic distribution is obtained based on a set of regular conditions and follows a chi-squared distribution when the null hypothesis is correct. The new statistic has several important advantages that make it appealing in practical applications. First, it is well-defined under improper prior distributions. Second, it avoids Jeffrey-Lindley’s paradox. Third, it always takes a non-negative value and is relatively easy to compute, even for models with latent variables. Fourth, its numerical standard error is relatively easy to obtain. Finally, it is asymptotically pivotal and its threshold values can be obtained from the chi-squared distribution.</p><br> <p>Chapter 3 proposes a new Wald-type statistic for hypothesis testing based on Bayesian posterior distributions. The new statistic can be explained as a posterior version of Wald test and have several nice properties. First, it is well-defined under improper prior distributions. Second, it avoids Jeffreys-Lindley’s paradox. Third, under the null hypothesis and repeated sampling, it follows a c2 distribution asymptotically, offering an asymptotically pivotal test. Fourth, it only requires inverting the posterior covariance for the parameters of interest. Fifth and perhaps most importantly, when a random sample from the posterior distribution (such as an MCMC output) is available, the proposed statistic can be easily obtained as a by-product of posterior simulation. In addition, the numerical standard error of the estimated proposed statistic can be computed based on the random sample. The finite-sample performance of the statistic is examined in Monte Carlo studies.</p> <br> <p>Chapter 4 proposes a quasi-Bayesian approach for structural parameters in finitehorizon life-cycle models. This approach circumvents the numerical evaluation of the gradient of the objective function and alleviates the local optimum problem. The asymptotic normality of the estimators with and without approximation errors is derived. The proposed estimators reach the efficiency bound in the general methods of moment (GMM) framework. Both the estimators and the corresponding asymptotic covariance are readily computable. The estimation procedure is easy to parallel so that the graphic processing unit (GPU) can be used to enhance the computational speed. The estimation procedure is illustrated using a variant of the model in Gourinchas and Parker (2002).</p><p><br></p><table><tr> <td><p>The dissertation comprises 3 papers, available from:</p><br> <p>1. <a href="https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/1862" target="_blank">A Bayesian chi-squared test for hypothesis testing</a> (2015) Journal of Econometrics, 189 (1), 54-69.</p><br> <p>2. <a href="https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/2172/ " target="_blank">A posterior-based Wald-type statistic for hypothesis testin</a>g (2018) working paper</p><br> <p>3. <a href="https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soe_research/2307" target="_blank">Estimating Finite-Horizon Life-Cycle Models: A Quasi-Bayesian Approach</a> (2017) working paper </p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>